In Iseyin, a sleepy town in southwestern Nigeria, shaded spaces under trees, makeshift sheds, and narrow alleys double as production hubs for aso-oke, a handwoven fabric indigenous to the Yoruba ethnic group. Demand for the fabric has recently soared at home and abroad, boosted by Nigerians in the diaspora and the rising global popularity of the country’s fashion and music culture. Yet the artisans who make it are resisting mechanization, insisting that handweaving is what makes it unique.
Located about 200 kilometers (130 miles) from the cultural and fashion center that is Lagos, Iseyin is considered the home of aso-oke. Under a sweltering sun on a muggy morning, yards of yarn and freshly woven fabrics stretch and tangle across a dusty space, surrounded by weathered sheds where weavers labor behind wooden looms. Young people, including university graduates, flock to Iseyin to learn a craft that has become an economic lifeline for many.
Bare-chested, his tattooed biceps glistening, Franscisco Waliu sat at his wooden loom, its steady click-clack filling the air as he wove a cream-and-blue fabric. A decade ago, Waliu ditched his career as a singer in Lagos nightclubs to learn to weave aso-oke. He admits he initially struggled with the physical demands of weaving but doesn’t regret his move. “Now I earn a decent living from weaving aso-oke and I’m satisfied,” the 34-year-old told AFP.
Old looms, new generations
Aso-oke, which loosely translates as “the cloth from up country”, is a thick fabric, often vibrantly multicolored, which has become a staple in Nigeria, Africa’s fashion capital. It is used in traditional ceremonial wear, statement fashion garments, and casual wear. Strips are sewn onto other types of fabric outfits, adding a touch of color and class.
Meghan Markle donned an aso-oke wrapper and a shoulder shawl during a visit to Nigeria two years ago with her husband, Britain’s Prince Harry. In Iseyin, the steady rhythm of old, wooden looms is the soundtrack to a tradition passed down through generations. Aso-oke remains both a cultural symbol and a marker of identity. In the past, production included preparing threads from cotton or silk. The fibers were cleaned, spun into yarn, and dyed, often using traditional methods, before being set out on looms. Color options were limited then.
Today, weavers increasingly rely on loom-ready threads in a variety of colors, “mostly imported from China”, said 42-year-old weaver Abdulhammed Ajasa. Artisans work for hours, threading looms to create narrow, tightly patterned strips, which are later sewn together into wider cloths for garments and accessories. “This is what Iseyin is known for,” Kareem Adeola, 35, said from behind his loom. “We inherited it from our forefathers.” While many weavers in Iseyin are middle-aged men, younger people like Waliu are entering the trade, bringing new ideas and skills. Some engage graphic artists to develop new designs.
‘Meant to be handwoven.’
Despite rising demand, the craft has largely stuck to its rudimentary roots. Attempts to mechanize production have been limited or largely failed. “If you use a machine to weave aso-oke, it won’t come out as nice as if it were handwoven,” said Adeola, weaving a yellow-and-olive piece. “People have tried it before, and it did not work. It is meant by God to be handwoven.” Sticking to traditional weaving methods means strain and comes with health risks linked to prolonged sitting, one weaver remarked. Yet weavers insist the painstaking process defines the fabric’s authenticity.
Traditionally worn by the Nigerian rich and ruling class on special occasions, it now adorns designer studios in major cities, is exhibited on runways in London and Paris, and is crafted into shoes, bags, and purses. “It is no longer reserved for special occasions,” Isiaq Yahaya, a 45-year-old mathematician, told AFP.
Global opportunities
Designers say aso-oke’s growing international exposure has catapulted it into a global fabric but has also raised concerns about cultural ownership. “There is nothing wrong with your culture being worn by other people,” said Ayomitide Okungbaye, the 31-year-old creative director of Lagos-based Tide Chen, who has exhibited aso-oke designs in London. “Where we start to have a problem is when there’s misappropriation or people start to claim ownership.” Adire, another Yoruba fabric produced using the tie-dye technique, is already reeling from Chinese counterfeiting.
